Advanced Operators

When operators are put together without parenthesis, the order in which they are applied is determined by the precedence of the operators. Multiplication (*) and division (/) has higher precedence than addition (+) and subtraction (-).

// multiplication is done first, which is then followed by addition
let x = 100 + 50 * 3; // 250
// with parenthesis operations inside the parenthesis are computed first
let y = (100 + 50) * 3; // 450
// operations with the same precedences are computed from left to right
let z = 100 / 50 * 3;

Some advanced operators can be used, such as:

• Modulus (division remainder): x = y % 2

• Exponential: Given a= 5, c = a**2, Results: c= 25

• Increment: Given a = 5

  • c = a++, Results: c = 5 and a = 6

  • c = ++a, Results: c = 6 and a = 6

• Decrement: Given a = 5

  • c = a--, Results: c = 5 and a = 4

  • c = --a, Results: c = 4 and a = 4

Nullish coalescing operator '??'

The nullish coalescing operator returns the first argument if it's not null/undefined, else the second one. It is written as two question marks ??. The result of x ?? y is:

• if x is defined, then x,

• if y isn’t defined, then y.

It's a recent addition to the language and might need polyfills to support old browsers